sample 2

INTRODUCTION:

Law and ethics work together to maintain order and harmony in society.

• Law provides formal rules that must be followed.
• Ethics guides moral conduct and professional behavior.

Both are essential in regulating the pharmacy profession and ensuring safe, ethical practices in drug manufacture, distribution, and use.

LAW: DEFINITION AND MEANING

1. Law refers to a set of rules and regulations that control the actions of individuals and society.
2. Law is formulated and enforced by the government.
3. According to Rig Veda:

“Law is the king of monarchs, far more powerful and right than they; by whose aid even the weak may conquer over the strong.”

• According to John Locke:

“Every law is a veritable freedom; the ends of law are not to abolish or confine but to preserve and increase freedom.”

• Characteristics of Law:
  • It presupposes the existence of a state.
  • The state creates or authorizes laws.
  • Laws must be recognized and approved to be effective.
  • Laws are enacted to achieve social or specific goals.
• Violation of law leads to punishment such as fine, imprisonment, or both.

ETHICS: DEFINITION AND MEANING

1. Ethics is the branch of moral philosophy that guides human conduct.
2. It consists of rules or guidelines based on moral values and professional norms.
3. Violation of ethics does not lead to legal punishment, but it affects professional reputation and trust.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW:

There are six general principles of law that support a just and fair society:

1)   PRINCIPLE OF DEMOCRACY:

• Defined by Abraham Lincoln as “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
• Promotes freedom, equality, and self-determination.

2)   PRINCIPLE OF CONSTITUTIONALISM:

• Refers to establishing limitations on the power of the state to preserve individual freedom.
• The Constitution acts as a safeguard against misuse of authority.

3)   PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE:

• Justice is a moral ideal based on fairness and equality.
  • Distributive Justice: Deals with fair distribution of benefits and resources.
  • Corrective Justice: Restores equality when it is disrupted by wrongdoing.

4)   PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY:

• Liberty means the freedom to think and act as one wishes.
• It ensures individuals can live freely without unjust interference.

5)   PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY:

• “Like things should be treated alike; unlike things differently.”
• All citizens are equal before the law and subject to the same judicial process.

6)   PRINCIPLE OF FRATERNITY:

• Fraternity means brotherhood and unity among people working toward common goals and mutual welfare.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACY LAWS IN INDIA:

INTRODUCTION:

Law and ethics work together to maintain order and harmony in society.

• Law provides formal rules that must be followed.
• Ethics guides moral conduct and professional behavior.

Both are essential in regulating the pharmacy profession and ensuring safe, ethical practices in drug manufacture, distribution, and use.

LAW: DEFINITION AND MEANING

1. Law refers to a set of rules and regulations that control the actions of individuals and society.
2. Law is formulated and enforced by the government.
3. According to Rig Veda:

“Law is the king of monarchs, far more powerful and right than they; by whose aid even the weak may conquer over the strong.”

• According to John Locke:

“Every law is a veritable freedom; the ends of law are not to abolish or confine but to preserve and increase freedom.”

• Characteristics of Law:
  • It presupposes the existence of a state.
  • The state creates or authorizes laws.
  • Laws must be recognized and approved to be effective.
  • Laws are enacted to achieve social or specific goals.
• Violation of law leads to punishment such as fine, imprisonment, or both.

ETHICS: DEFINITION AND MEANING

1. Ethics is the branch of moral philosophy that guides human conduct.
2. It consists of rules or guidelines based on moral values and professional norms.
3. Violation of ethics does not lead to legal punishment, but it affects professional reputation and trust.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW:

There are six general principles of law that support a just and fair society:

1)   PRINCIPLE OF DEMOCRACY:

• Defined by Abraham Lincoln as “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
• Promotes freedom, equality, and self-determination.

2)   PRINCIPLE OF CONSTITUTIONALISM:

• Refers to establishing limitations on the power of the state to preserve individual freedom.
• The Constitution acts as a safeguard against misuse of authority.

3)   PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE:

• Justice is a moral ideal based on fairness and equality.
  • Distributive Justice: Deals with fair distribution of benefits and resources.
  • Corrective Justice: Restores equality when it is disrupted by wrongdoing.

4)   PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY:

• Liberty means the freedom to think and act as one wishes.
• It ensures individuals can live freely without unjust interference.

5)   PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY:

• “Like things should be treated alike; unlike things differently.”
• All citizens are equal before the law and subject to the same judicial process.

6)   PRINCIPLE OF FRATERNITY:

• Fraternity means brotherhood and unity among people working toward common goals and mutual welfare.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACY LAWS IN INDIA:

• Pharmacy developed as a branch of medicine but became an independent science in the 19th century.
• Initially, apothecaries, priests, and physicians handled patient care and drug preparation.
• Over time, the need for professional pharmacists and drug regulation emerged.